Professor Sarina Elmariah highlights the multifaceted role of IL-4 and IL-13 in driving dermal fibrosis in prurigo nodularis, which leads to persistent scarring and dyspigmentation that significantly contribute to patients' embarrassment, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem.

In this highlight video from the ADVENT AD symposium held at EADV’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Amsterdam, Dr. Stephan Weidinger discusses how IL-4 contributes to systemic type 2 inflammation in AD via several mechanisms, including T cell differentiation, B cell activation and IgE generation, and T regulatory cell inhibition.

In this soundbite video from the April 2025 ADVENT Forum in Lisbon, Portugal, Prof Oscar Palomares describes how IL-4 is the key cytokine involved in the initiation and perpetuation of Th2 cell responses and type 2 inflammation.

In this soundbite video from the April 2025 ADVENT Forum in Lisbon, Portugal, Dr. Brian Kim explores the histaminergic and nonhistaminergic mechanisms of itch, highlighting how type 2 cytokines like IL-4 serve as central orchestrators of neuronal sensitization and immune–nervous system cross-talk.
An infographic exploring the pathophysiology of prurigo nodularis and the role of type 2 inflammation.

In this exclusive video interview, Dr Amy Paller discusses two topics: 1) The importance of CCL17 (TARC) as a biomarker in pediatric patients with AD, and 2) How IL-4 and IL-13 contribute to skin barrier dysfunction in AD.

In this soundbite video from the April 2025 ADVENT Forum in Lisbon, Portugal, Prof. Oscar Palomares discusses evidence demonstrating that dupilumab reduces both total and allergen-specific IgE in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis and comorbid allergic diseases, underscoring the role of IL-4/IL-13 blockade in modulating B-cell activity.

In this video from the April 2025 WCPD symposium, Dr Amy Paller discusses the pathophysiology of skin barrier dysfunction in AD and how regulating IL-4 and IL-13 signaling may lead to restoration of the skin barrier. Dr Paller goes on to explore how reducing certain biomarkers, such as CCL17 (TARC), may reduce inflammation that contributes to AD severity in pediatric patients.

Join Dr. Celeste Porsbjerg as she discussed on how type 2 inflammation may lead to airway remodeling in asthma, exploring the pathophysiologic mechanisms, that ultimately lead to structural changes and irreversible loss of lung function

Join Dr Kwatra as he dives deeper into the mechanism of lesion formation in Prurigo Nodularis and the impact the development of these skin lesions have on patient life.

Join Dr. Kwatra outlining the micro itch cycle involving type 2 cell polarization and cytokines that directly affect fibroblasts to cause more immune dysregulation in PN.
Dr Donna Culton walks through the pathophysiology of type 2 inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases, using bullous pemphigoid as an example. Drs Eichenfield, Elmariah, and Hawkes join to discuss the role of type 2 inflammation across atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria, respectively.